The design of fans has evolved to meet the ever-increasing demands for higher-efficiency machines, combined with the requirements for lower noise and high availability. In addition, many fans are now being used in safety-related applications, such as smoke control in buildings and underground spaces in the event of a fi re. Variable speed is now more common, leading to some additional design problems, and many existing users are revisiting their plant, looking at ways to upgrade the fans. The use of numerical simulation techniques is also becoming an established part of aerodynamic design processes.

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